{"id":1410,"date":"2025-03-24T08:50:41","date_gmt":"2025-03-23T23:50:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dexall.co.jp\/articles\/?p=1410"},"modified":"2025-03-24T08:50:41","modified_gmt":"2025-03-23T23:50:41","slug":"%e3%80%90rails%e5%ae%9f%e8%b7%b5%e3%82%ac%e3%82%a4%e3%83%89%e3%80%91activerecord%e3%81%aeorder%e3%83%a1%e3%82%bd%e3%83%83%e3%83%89%e5%ae%8c%e5%85%a8%e8%a7%a3%e8%aa%ac%ef%bc%9a%e8%a4%87%e9%9b%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dexall.co.jp\/articles\/?p=1410","title":{"rendered":"\u3010Rails\u5b9f\u8df5\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u3011ActiveRecord\u306eorder\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u8aac\uff1a\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u4e26\u3073\u66ff\u3048\u3082\u7c21\u5358\u5b9f\u88c5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"toc\"><br \/>\n<b>Warning<\/b>:  Undefined array key \"is_admin\" in <b>\/home\/xs392991\/dexall.co.jp\/public_html\/articles\/wp-content\/themes\/sango-theme\/library\/gutenberg\/dist\/classes\/Toc.php<\/b> on line <b>116<\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Warning<\/b>:  Undefined array key \"is_category_top\" in <b>\/home\/xs392991\/dexall.co.jp\/public_html\/articles\/wp-content\/themes\/sango-theme\/library\/gutenberg\/dist\/classes\/Toc.php<\/b> on line <b>121<\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Warning<\/b>:  Undefined array key \"is_top\" in <b>\/home\/xs392991\/dexall.co.jp\/public_html\/articles\/wp-content\/themes\/sango-theme\/library\/gutenberg\/dist\/classes\/Toc.php<\/b> on line <b>128<\/b><br \/>\n    <div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"sgb-toc--bullets js-smooth-scroll\" data-dialog-title=\"\u76ee\u6b21\">\n      <p class=\"toc_title\">\u76ee\u6b21 <\/p>\n      <ul class=\"toc_list\">  <li class=\"first\">    <a href=\"#i-0\">order\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9<\/a>    <ul class=\"menu_level_1\">      <li class=\"first\">        <a href=\"#i-1\">\u5358\u4e00\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u3067\u306e\u6607\u9806\u30fb\u964d\u9806\u306e\u6307\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5<\/a>      <\/li>      <li class=\"last\">        <a href=\"#i-2\">\u8907\u6570\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u4e26\u3073\u66ff\u3048\u306e\u30c6\u30af\u30cb\u30c3\u30af<\/a>      <\/li>    <\/ul>  <\/li>  <li>    <a href=\"#i-3\">ActiveRecord\u3067\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u5b9f\u88c5<\/a>    <ul class=\"menu_level_1\">      <li class=\"first\">        <a href=\"#i-4\">where\u3068\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8<\/a>      <\/li>      <li>        <a href=\"#i-5\">\u95a2\u9023\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3092\u542b\u3080\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u51e6\u7406\u306e\u5b9f\u88c5\u65b9\u6cd5<\/a>      <\/li>      <li class=\"last\">        <a href=\"#i-6\">NULL\u5024\u306e\u6271\u3044\u65b9\u3068\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u9806\u5e8f\u306e\u30ab\u30b9\u30bf\u30de\u30a4\u30ba<\/a>      <\/li>    <\/ul>  <\/li>  <li>    <a href=\"#i-7\">\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u3057\u305forder\u53e5\u306e\u5b9f\u88c5<\/a>    <ul class=\"menu_level_1\">      <li class=\"first\">        <a href=\"#i-8\">\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305f\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u51e6\u7406<\/a>      <\/li>      <li class=\"last\">        <a href=\"#i-9\">\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3067\u306e\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u6700\u9069\u5316\u624b\u6cd5<\/a>      <\/li>    <\/ul>  <\/li>  <li>    <a href=\"#i-10\">\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u306a\u30e6\u30fc\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9<\/a>    <ul class=\"menu_level_1\">      <li class=\"first\">        <a href=\"#i-11\">\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u5165\u529b\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u6a5f\u80fd\u306e\u5b9f\u88c5<\/a>      <\/li>      <li>        <a href=\"#i-12\">scope\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u518d\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u30ed\u30b8\u30c3\u30af<\/a>      <\/li>      <li class=\"last\">        <a href=\"#i-13\">\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u30cd\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3068\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u5b9f\u88c5\u4f8b<\/a>      <\/li>    <\/ul>  <\/li>  <li class=\"last\">    <a href=\"#i-14\">order\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u306e\u30c8\u30e9\u30d6\u30eb\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0<\/a>    <ul class=\"menu_level_1\">      <li class=\"first\">        <a href=\"#i-15\">\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308b\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u305d\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6cd5<\/a>      <\/li>      <li class=\"last\">        <a href=\"#i-16\">\u30c7\u30d0\u30c3\u30b0\u3068\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u8a08\u6e2c\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5<\/a>      <\/li>    <\/ul>  <\/li><\/ul>\n      <a href=\"#\" class=\"sgb-toc-button js-toc-button\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-open-dialog=\"true\"><i class=\"fa fa-list\"><\/i><span class=\"sgb-toc-button__text\">\u76ee\u6b21\u3078<\/span><\/a>\n    <\/div><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-0\">order\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ActiveRecord\u306e<code>order<\/code>\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u304b\u3089\u306e\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u53d6\u5f97\u6642\u306b\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u4e26\u3073\u66ff\u3048\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u304b\u3089\u5fdc\u7528\u7684\u306a\u30c6\u30af\u30cb\u30c3\u30af\u307e\u3067\u3001\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u306a\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u4f8b\u3068\u5171\u306b\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-1\">\u5358\u4e00\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u3067\u306e\u6607\u9806\u30fb\u964d\u9806\u306e\u6307\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><code>order<\/code>\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u306e\u6700\u3082\u30b7\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u306a\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u3067\u6607\u9806\uff08ASC\uff09\u307e\u305f\u306f\u964d\u9806\uff08DESC\uff09\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\"># \u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u6607\u9806\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\uff08\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\uff1aASC\uff09\nUser.order(:created_at)\n# =&gt; SELECT \"users\".* FROM \"users\" ORDER BY \"users\".\"created_at\" ASC\n\n# \u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u6607\u9806\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\nUser.order(created_at: :asc)\n# =&gt; SELECT \"users\".* FROM \"users\" ORDER BY \"users\".\"created_at\" ASC\n\n# \u964d\u9806\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\nUser.order(created_at: :desc)\n# =&gt; SELECT \"users\".* FROM \"users\" ORDER BY \"users\".\"created_at\" DESC\n\n# \u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6307\u5b9a\u3082\u53ef\u80fd\nUser.order('created_at DESC')\n# =&gt; SELECT \"users\".* FROM \"users\" ORDER BY created_at DESC<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udcdd \u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u306f\u6607\u9806\uff08ASC\uff09\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u30b7\u30f3\u30dc\u30eb\u3001\u30cf\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u3082\u6307\u5b9a\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SQL\u6587\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-2\">\u8907\u6570\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u4e26\u3073\u66ff\u3048\u306e\u30c6\u30af\u30cb\u30c3\u30af<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3005\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\"># \u8907\u6570\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u6307\u5b9a\uff08\u30cf\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\nUser.order(status: :asc, created_at: :desc)\n# =&gt; SELECT \"users\".* FROM \"users\" ORDER BY \"users\".\"status\" ASC, \"users\".\"created_at\" DESC\n\n# \u8907\u6570\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u6307\u5b9a\uff08\u914d\u5217\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\nUser.order([:status, :created_at])\n# =&gt; SELECT \"users\".* FROM \"users\" ORDER BY \"users\".\"status\" ASC, \"users\".\"created_at\" ASC\n\n# SQL\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3067\u306e\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u6761\u4ef6\u6307\u5b9a\nUser.order('status ASC, CASE WHEN role = \"admin\" THEN 0 ELSE 1 END, created_at DESC')\n# =&gt; SELECT \"users\".* FROM \"users\" ORDER BY status ASC, CASE WHEN role = 'admin' THEN 0 ELSE 1 END, created_at DESC<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u306a\u4f7f\u7528\u4f8b\uff1a\u512a\u5148\u5ea6\u4ed8\u304d\u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u4e00\u89a7\u306e\u53d6\u5f97<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">class Task &lt; ApplicationRecord\n  # \u512a\u5148\u5ea6\u3068\u671f\u9650\u3067\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u4e00\u89a7\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\n  def self.priority_ordered\n    order(priority: :desc, due_date: :asc)\n  end\n\n  # \u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30bf\u30b9\u3068\u4f5c\u6210\u65e5\u6642\u3067\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u4e00\u89a7\n  def self.status_grouped\n    order('status ASC, created_at DESC')\n  end\nend\n\n# \u4f7f\u7528\u4f8b\n@important_tasks = Task.priority_ordered\n@grouped_tasks = Task.status_grouped<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd11 \u5b9f\u88c5\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u4e26\u3073\u66ff\u3048\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u6700\u521d\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u540c\u5024\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306e\u6319\u52d5\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e8c\u756a\u76ee\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5fc5\u8981\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3001\u518d\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u3092\u62bc\u3055\u3048\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u5b9f\u88c5\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-3\">ActiveRecord\u3067\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u5b9f\u88c5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ActiveRecord\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u5b9f\u88c5\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u306a\u30b7\u30ca\u30ea\u30aa\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u8981\u4ef6\u306b\u3082\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5b9f\u88c5\u30c6\u30af\u30cb\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u8eab\u306b\u3064\u3051\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-4\">where\u3068\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>where\u3068order\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u67d4\u8edf\u306a\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u5b9f\u73fe\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\"># \u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\nPost.where(status: 'published')\n    .order(published_at: :desc)\n# =&gt; SELECT \"posts\".* FROM \"posts\" WHERE \"posts\".\"status\" = 'published' ORDER BY \"posts\".\"published_at\" DESC\n\n# \u6761\u4ef6\u5206\u5c90\u3092\u542b\u3080\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\nclass Post &lt; ApplicationRecord\n  # \u516c\u958b\u6e08\u307f\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u91cd\u8981\u5ea6\u9806\u306b\u53d6\u5f97\n  def self.published_by_importance\n    where(status: 'published')\n      .order('\n        CASE \n          WHEN priority = \"high\" THEN 1\n          WHEN priority = \"medium\" THEN 2\n          ELSE 3\n        END,\n        published_at DESC\n      ')\n  end\nend\n\n# \u8907\u6570\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u30d5\u30a3\u30eb\u30bf\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3068\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\ndef filter_and_sort_posts(params)\n  posts = Post.all\n\n  # \u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u3067\u30d5\u30a3\u30eb\u30bf\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\n  posts = posts.where(category: params[:category]) if params[:category].present?\n\n  # \u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u691c\u7d22\n  posts = posts.where('title LIKE ?', \"%#{params[:keyword]}%\") if params[:keyword].present?\n\n  # \u4e26\u3073\u66ff\u3048\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u9069\u7528\n  case params[:sort_by]\n  when 'recent'\n    posts.order(created_at: :desc)\n  when 'popular'\n    posts.order('views_count DESC, likes_count DESC')\n  else\n    posts.order(published_at: :desc)\n  end\nend<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-5\">\u95a2\u9023\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3092\u542b\u3080\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u51e6\u7406\u306e\u5b9f\u88c5\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>joins \u3084 includes \u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3001\u95a2\u9023\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u305f\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u5b9f\u88c5\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">class Article &lt; ApplicationRecord\n  belongs_to :author\n  has_many :comments\n\n  # \u8457\u8005\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3067\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\uff08N+1\u554f\u984c\u3092\u9632\u3050\u305f\u3081\u306bincludes\u4f7f\u7528\uff09\n  def self.order_by_author_name\n    includes(:author).order('authors.name ASC')\n  end\n\n  # \u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u6570\u3067\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\n  def self.order_by_comment_count\n    left_joins(:comments)\n      .group('articles.id')\n      .order('COUNT(comments.id) DESC')\n  end\n\n  # \u8907\u6570\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3057\u305f\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\n  def self.trending\n    includes(:author, :comments)\n      .left_joins(:comments)\n      .group('articles.id')\n      .order('\n        articles.published_at DESC,\n        COUNT(comments.id) DESC,\n        authors.reputation DESC\n      ')\n  end\nend<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-6\">NULL\u5024\u306e\u6271\u3044\u65b9\u3068\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u9806\u5e8f\u306e\u30ab\u30b9\u30bf\u30de\u30a4\u30ba<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>NULL\u5024\u306e\u6271\u3044\u3092\u30ab\u30b9\u30bf\u30de\u30a4\u30ba\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u3088\u308a\u67d4\u8edf\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u5b9f\u88c5\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">class Task &lt; ApplicationRecord\n  # \u671f\u9650\u3067\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\uff08NULL\u5024\u3092\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\uff09\n  def self.order_by_deadline_nulls_last\n    order('due_date IS NULL, due_date ASC')\n  end\n\n  # \u671f\u9650\u3067\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\uff08NULL\u5024\u3092\u6700\u521d\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\uff09\n  def self.order_by_deadline_nulls_first\n    order('due_date IS NULL DESC, due_date ASC')\n  end\n\n  # CASE\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30c8\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u8907\u96d1\u306aNULL\u5024\u306e\u6271\u3044\n  def self.smart_order\n    order('\n      CASE\n        WHEN status = \"urgent\" AND due_date IS NOT NULL THEN 0\n        WHEN status = \"urgent\" AND due_date IS NULL THEN 1\n        WHEN status = \"normal\" AND due_date IS NOT NULL THEN 2\n        WHEN status = \"normal\" AND due_date IS NULL THEN 3\n        ELSE 4\n      END,\n      COALESCE(due_date, \"9999-12-31\")\n    ')\n  end\nend\n\n# \u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u306a\u4f7f\u7528\u4f8b\ntasks = Task.smart_order<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd11 \u5b9f\u88c5\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>N+1\u554f\u984c\u3092\u907f\u3051\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5fc5\u8981\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066<code>includes<\/code>\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u6761\u4ef6\u306f\u3001\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5207\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u518d\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NULL\u5024\u306e\u6271\u3044\u306f\u3001\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u30ed\u30b8\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u9069\u5207\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3057\u3001\u9069\u5207\u306a\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u5b9f\u88c5\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u8981\u4ef6\u306b\u3082\u67d4\u8edf\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6b21\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u3057\u305f\u5b9f\u88c5\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-7\">\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u3057\u305forder\u53e5\u306e\u5b9f\u88c5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u6700\u9069\u5316\u3059\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u3001<code>order<\/code>\u53e5\u306e\u9069\u5207\u306a\u5b9f\u88c5\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u51e6\u7406\u306e\u5b9f\u73fe\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-8\">\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305f\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u51e6\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u51e6\u7406\u306e\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u5411\u4e0a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u9069\u5207\u306a\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u8a2d\u8a08\u304c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\"># \u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u30de\u30a4\u30b0\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u4f8b\nclass AddIndexesToPosts &lt; ActiveRecord::Migration[7.0]\n  def change\n    # \u5358\u4e00\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\n    add_index :posts, :published_at\n\n    # \u8907\u5408\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\uff08\u8907\u6570\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u3067\u306e\u4e26\u3073\u66ff\u3048\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\uff09\n    add_index :posts, [:status, :published_at]\n\n    # \u90e8\u5206\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\uff08\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\uff09\n    add_index :posts, :published_at, \n              where: \"status = 'published'\",\n              name: 'index_posts_on_published_at_where_published'\n  end\nend<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u8a2d\u8a08\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"id-c0d37504-bf84-4ca6-bb7b-3d0271e5ea2d\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7<\/th><th>\u4f7f\u7528\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9<\/th><th>\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8<\/th><th>\u30c7\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u5358\u4e00\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0<\/td><td>\u5358\u4e00\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u3067\u306e\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8<\/td><td>\u30b7\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u3067\u7ba1\u7406\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044<\/td><td>\u8907\u6570\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u3067\u306e\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u975e\u52b9\u7387<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u8907\u5408\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9<\/td><td>\u8907\u6570\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u3067\u306e\u983b\u7e41\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8<\/td><td>\u8907\u6570\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u52b9\u7387\u5316<\/td><td>\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u308b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u90e8\u5206\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9<\/td><td>\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u3067\u306e\u983b\u7e41\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8<\/td><td>\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u3092\u6291\u5236<\/td><td>\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u306a\u4f7f\u7528\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u307f\u52b9\u679c\u7684<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-9\">\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3067\u306e\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u6700\u9069\u5316\u624b\u6cd5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u6271\u3046\u969b\u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u6700\u9069\u5316\u30c6\u30af\u30cb\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u5927\u5e45\u306b\u6539\u5584\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">class Post &lt; ApplicationRecord\n  # \u9045\u5ef6\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u307f\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305f\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\n  scope :latest_published, -&gt; {\n    where(status: 'published')\n      .order(published_at: :desc)\n      .limit(100)\n  }\n\n  # \u30d0\u30c3\u30c1\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u4e26\u3073\u66ff\u3048\n  def self.batch_update_order\n    find_each(batch_size: 1000) do |post|\n      # \u30d0\u30c3\u30c1\u5358\u4f4d\u3067\u306e\u51e6\u7406\n      post.update_column(:sort_order, calculate_sort_order(post))\n    end\n  end\n\n  # \u30ad\u30fc\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u30fb\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u30cd\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305f\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\n  def self.keyset_paginate(last_published_at, limit = 20)\n    where('published_at &lt; ?', last_published_at)\n      .order(published_at: :desc)\n      .limit(limit)\n  end\nend\n\n# \u5b9f\u88c5\u4f8b\uff1a\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u306a\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u30cd\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\ndef index\n  @posts = if params[:last_published_at]\n    Post.keyset_paginate(Time.zone.parse(params[:last_published_at]))\n  else\n    Post.order(published_at: :desc).limit(20)\n  end\nend<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u6700\u9069\u5316\u306e\u30d9\u30b9\u30c8\u30d7\u30e9\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306a\u6d3b\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\"># \u826f\u3044\u4f8b\uff1a\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305f\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\nPost.where(status: 'published').order(published_at: :desc)\n\n# \u907f\u3051\u308b\u3079\u304d\u4f8b\uff1a\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\nPost.order('RANDOM()') # \u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u306f\u5168\u4ef6\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u304c\u5fc5\u8981<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e0d\u8981\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u56de\u907f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\"># \u826f\u3044\u4f8b\uff1a\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u307f\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\nPost.select(:id, :title).order(:title).limit(10)\n\n# \u907f\u3051\u308b\u3079\u304d\u4f8b\uff1a\u5168\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u542b\u3080\u4e0d\u8981\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\nPost.order(:title).select('*') # \u5168\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u306e\u53d6\u5f97\u306f\u975e\u52b9\u7387<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u306e\u30e2\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3068\u6700\u9069\u5316<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\"># \u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u8a08\u6e2c\nActiveRecord::Base.logger = Logger.new(STDOUT)\n\nPost.order(:title).to_a  # \u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u308bSQL\u3068\u305d\u306e\u6240\u8981\u6642\u9593\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\n\n# explain\u53e5\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u5206\u6790\nPost.order(:title).explain<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd0d \u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u6539\u5584\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u304c\u9069\u5207\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0d\u8981\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N+1\u554f\u984c\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u306f\u9069\u5207\u304b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u30d0\u30c3\u30c1\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306f\u9069\u5207\u304b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u6700\u9069\u5316\u30c6\u30af\u30cb\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u9069\u5207\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3067\u3082\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u5b9f\u73fe\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-10\">\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u306a\u30e6\u30fc\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3067\u906d\u9047\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u30b7\u30ca\u30ea\u30aa\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3001ActiveRecord\u306e<code>order<\/code>\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u306e\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u306a\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-11\">\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u5165\u529b\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u6a5f\u80fd\u306e\u5b9f\u88c5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u304c\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u3067\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u3067\u304d\u308b\u6a5f\u80fd\u306f\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u753b\u9762\u3084\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u4e00\u89a7\u753b\u9762\u3067\u3088\u304f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\"># app\/controllers\/products_controller.rb\nclass ProductsController &lt; ApplicationController\n  def index\n    @products = ProductsQuery.new(sort_params).call\n  end\n\n  private\n\n  def sort_params\n    params.permit(:sort_column, :sort_direction)\n  end\nend\n\n# app\/queries\/products_query.rb\nclass ProductsQuery\n  ALLOWED_SORT_COLUMNS = %w[name price created_at stock_count].freeze\n  ALLOWED_DIRECTIONS = %w[asc desc].freeze\n\n  def initialize(params)\n    @sort_column = params[:sort_column]\n    @sort_direction = params[:sort_direction]\n  end\n\n  def call\n    products = Product.all\n    return products.order(created_at: :desc) unless valid_sort_params?\n\n    products.order(sort_column =&gt; sort_direction)\n  end\n\n  private\n\n  def valid_sort_params?\n    ALLOWED_SORT_COLUMNS.include?(@sort_column) &amp;&amp;\n      ALLOWED_DIRECTIONS.include?(@sort_direction)\n  end\n\n  attr_reader :sort_column, :sort_direction\nend<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u306e\u5b9f\u88c5\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">&lt;!-- app\/views\/products\/index.html.erb --&gt;\n&lt;table&gt;\n  &lt;thead&gt;\n    &lt;tr&gt;\n      &lt;th&gt;&lt;%= sort_link('\u5546\u54c1\u540d', 'name') %&gt;&lt;\/th&gt;\n      &lt;th&gt;&lt;%= sort_link('\u4fa1\u683c', 'price') %&gt;&lt;\/th&gt;\n      &lt;th&gt;&lt;%= sort_link('\u5728\u5eab\u6570', 'stock_count') %&gt;&lt;\/th&gt;\n      &lt;th&gt;&lt;%= sort_link('\u767b\u9332\u65e5', 'created_at') %&gt;&lt;\/th&gt;\n    &lt;\/tr&gt;\n  &lt;\/thead&gt;\n  &lt;tbody&gt;\n    &lt;%= render @products %&gt;\n  &lt;\/tbody&gt;\n&lt;\/table&gt;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\"># app\/helpers\/application_helper.rb\nmodule ApplicationHelper\n  def sort_link(title, column)\n    direction = sort_direction(column)\n    link_to title, {\n      sort_column: column,\n      sort_direction: direction\n    }, class: sort_class(column)\n  end\n\n  private\n\n  def sort_direction(column)\n    return 'asc' unless params[:sort_column] == column\n    params[:sort_direction] == 'asc' ? 'desc' : 'asc'\n  end\n\n  def sort_class(column)\n    return '' unless params[:sort_column] == column\n    \"sort-#{params[:sort_direction]}\"\n  end\nend<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-12\">scope\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u518d\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u30ed\u30b8\u30c3\u30af<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u30ed\u30b8\u30c3\u30af\u3092scope\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u518d\u5229\u7528\u6027\u3068\u4fdd\u5b88\u6027\u304c\u5411\u4e0a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\"># app\/models\/order.rb\nclass Order &lt; ApplicationRecord\n  belongs_to :customer\n  has_many :order_items\n\n  # \u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\n  scope :by_date, -&gt;(direction = :desc) { order(created_at: direction) }\n  scope :by_total, -&gt;(direction = :desc) { order(total_amount: direction) }\n\n  # \u8907\u96d1\u306a\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u542b\u3080\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\n  scope :by_status_priority, -&gt; {\n    order(\n      Arel.sql('CASE\n        WHEN status = \"pending_payment\" THEN 1\n        WHEN status = \"processing\" THEN 2\n        WHEN status = \"shipped\" THEN 3\n        WHEN status = \"delivered\" THEN 4\n        ELSE 5\n      END')\n    )\n  }\n\n  # \u95a2\u9023\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3092\u542b\u3080\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\n  scope :by_customer_name, -&gt;(direction = :asc) {\n    joins(:customer)\n      .order(\"customers.last_name #{direction}, customers.first_name #{direction}\")\n  }\n\n  # \u8907\u6570\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\n  scope :recent_important, -&gt; {\n    by_status_priority\n      .by_date\n      .where('created_at &gt; ?', 30.days.ago)\n  }\nend\n\n# \u4f7f\u7528\u4f8b\n@urgent_orders = Order.recent_important.limit(10)\n@customer_orders = Order.by_customer_name.by_date<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-13\">\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u30cd\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3068\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u5b9f\u88c5\u4f8b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u30cd\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3068\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u969b\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u8cab\u6027\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u9806\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\"># app\/controllers\/articles_controller.rb\nclass ArticlesController &lt; ApplicationController\n  def index\n    @articles = ArticlesQuery.new(filter_params)\n                           .call\n                           .page(params[:page])\n                           .per(20)\n  end\n\n  private\n\n  def filter_params\n    params.permit(:category, :sort_by, :direction)\n  end\nend\n\n# app\/queries\/articles_query.rb\nclass ArticlesQuery\n  def initialize(params)\n    @params = params\n  end\n\n  def call\n    articles = Article.all\n    articles = filter_by_category(articles)\n    sort_articles(articles)\n  end\n\n  private\n\n  def filter_by_category(articles)\n    return articles unless @params[:category].present?\n    articles.where(category: @params[:category])\n  end\n\n  def sort_articles(articles)\n    case @params[:sort_by]\n    when 'popular'\n      articles.left_joins(:views)\n             .group('articles.id')\n             .order('COUNT(views.id) DESC')\n    when 'comments'\n      articles.left_joins(:comments)\n             .group('articles.id')\n             .order('COUNT(comments.id) DESC')\n    else\n      articles.order(published_at: @params[:direction] || :desc)\n    end\n  end\nend<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u30d3\u30e5\u30fc\u3067\u306e\u5b9f\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">&lt;!-- app\/views\/articles\/index.html.erb --&gt;\n&lt;div class=\"sort-controls\"&gt;\n  &lt;%= form_tag articles_path, method: :get do %&gt;\n    &lt;%= select_tag :sort_by, \n                   options_for_select([\n                     ['\u516c\u958b\u65e5', 'published_at'],\n                     ['\u4eba\u6c17\u9806', 'popular'],\n                     ['\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u6570', 'comments']\n                   ], params[:sort_by]) %&gt;\n    &lt;%= select_tag :direction,\n                   options_for_select([\n                     ['\u964d\u9806', 'desc'],\n                     ['\u6607\u9806', 'asc']\n                   ], params[:direction]) %&gt;\n    &lt;%= submit_tag '\u4e26\u3073\u66ff\u3048' %&gt;\n  &lt;% end %&gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;\n\n&lt;div class=\"articles\"&gt;\n  &lt;%= render @articles %&gt;\n&lt;\/div&gt;\n\n&lt;%= paginate @articles %&gt;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5b9f\u88c5\u4f8b\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3067\u3059\u3050\u306b\u6d3b\u7528\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6b21\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5b9f\u88c5\u3067\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30c8\u30e9\u30d6\u30eb\u3068\u305d\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-14\">order\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u306e\u30c8\u30e9\u30d6\u30eb\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ActiveRecord\u306e<code>order<\/code>\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306e\u3042\u308b\u554f\u984c\u3068\u305d\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5b9f\u8df5\u7684\u306a\u8996\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-15\">\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308b\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u305d\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u958b\u767a\u4e2d\u306b\u3088\u304f\u906d\u9047\u3059\u308b\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3068\u305d\u306e\u5bfe\u51e6\u6cd5\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4e0d\u6b63\u306a\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u540d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\"># \u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u4f8b\nPG::UndefinedColumn: ERROR: column \"invalid_column\" does not exist\n\n# \u539f\u56e0\u3068\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\n# \u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u5b9f\u88c5\nPost.order(:invalid_column)\n\n# \u6b63\u3057\u3044\u5b9f\u88c5\nclass Post &lt; ApplicationRecord\n  # \u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u540d\u3092\u5b9a\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b9a\u7fa9\n  SORTABLE_COLUMNS = %w[title created_at updated_at view_count].freeze\n\n  # \u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u540d\u306e\u30d0\u30ea\u30c7\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u542b\u3080\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\n  scope :safe_order, -&gt;(column, direction = :asc) {\n    if SORTABLE_COLUMNS.include?(column.to_s)\n      order(column =&gt; direction)\n    else\n      order(created_at: :desc) # \u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u306e\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u9806\n    end\n  }\nend<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>N+1\u554f\u984c\u306e\u767a\u751f<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\"># \u554f\u984c\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\nBlog.all.each do |blog|\n  puts blog.author.name # N+1\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u304c\u767a\u751f\nend\n\n# \u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\n# includes\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u95a2\u9023\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u4e8b\u524d\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u307f\nblogs = Blog.includes(:author).order('authors.name')\n\n# \u307e\u305f\u306f\u3001joins\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u7d50\u5408\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3067\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\nblogs = Blog.joins(:author).order('authors.name')<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u306e\u554f\u984c<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\"># \u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u3092\u5927\u91cf\u306b\u6d88\u8cbb\u3059\u308b\u5b9f\u88c5\nPost.order(:created_at).load # \u5168\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u306b\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u3080\n\n# \u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\uff1a\u30d0\u30c3\u30c1\u51e6\u7406\u306e\u5b9f\u88c5\nPost.find_each(batch_size: 1000) do |post|\n  # \u30d0\u30c3\u30c1\u5358\u4f4d\u3067\u306e\u51e6\u7406\nend\n\n# \u307e\u305f\u306f\u3001\u30ad\u30fc\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u30cd\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5b9f\u88c5\nclass Post &lt; ApplicationRecord\n  def self.paginate_by_created_at(last_created_at, limit = 20)\n    where('created_at &lt; ?', last_created_at)\n      .order(created_at: :desc)\n      .limit(limit)\n  end\nend<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"i-16\">\u30c7\u30d0\u30c3\u30b0\u3068\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u8a08\u6e2c\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30d0\u30c3\u30b0\u3068\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u8a08\u6e2c\u306e\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SQL\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u306e\u53ef\u8996\u5316<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\"># development.rb\u3067\u306eSQL\u51fa\u529b\u8a2d\u5b9a\nconfig.active_record.verbose_query_logs = true\n\n# \u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u306e\u30c7\u30d0\u30c3\u30b0\nPost.order(:created_at).to_sql\n# =&gt; \"SELECT \\\"posts\\\".* FROM \\\"posts\\\" ORDER BY \\\"posts\\\".\\\"created_at\\\" ASC\"\n\n# \u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u5b9f\u884c\u6642\u9593\u306e\u8a08\u6e2c\nrequire 'benchmark'\n\nBenchmark.measure {\n  Post.order(:created_at).to_a\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>explain\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\"># \u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30f3\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\nPost.order(:title).explain\n# \u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u304c\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u308b\n\n# \u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u5206\u6790\nPost.order(:title).explain(analyze: true)\n# \u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u5b9f\u884c\u6642\u9593\u3084\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u306e\u8a73\u7d30\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308b<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u30e2\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\"># \u30ab\u30b9\u30bf\u30e0\u30ed\u30b0\u306e\u5b9f\u88c5\nclass CustomLogger &lt; ActiveSupport::Logger\n  def debug(message)\n    super(\"[#{Time.current}] #{message}\")\n  end\nend\n\nRails.logger = CustomLogger.new(STDOUT)\n\n# \u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u306e\u5b9f\u884c\u6642\u9593\u3092\u8a08\u6e2c\nstart_time = Time.current\nresult = Post.complicated_order\nend_time = Time.current\n\nRails.logger.debug \"Query took: #{end_time - start_time} seconds\"<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd0d \u30c8\u30e9\u30d6\u30eb\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\"># \u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u78ba\u8a8d\nActiveRecord::Base.connection.indexes(:posts)\n\n# \u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u8ffd\u52a0\nadd_index :posts, [:status, :created_at]<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>N+1\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u306e\u691c\u51fa<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\"># development.rb\u3067\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a\nconfig.after_initialize do\n  Bullet.enable = true\n  Bullet.alert = true\nend<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u306e\u76e3\u8996<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\"># \u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\nbefore = GetProcessMem.new.mb\nposts = Post.order(:created_at).load\nafter = GetProcessMem.new.mb\nputs \"Memory usage: #{after - before} MB\"<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 \u4e88\u9632\u7684\u306a\u5bfe\u7b56\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u306e\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u5316<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">class Post &lt; ApplicationRecord\n  # \u5b89\u5168\u306a\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\n  scope :safe_sort, -&gt;(column, direction = :asc) {\n    column = 'created_at' unless column.in?(column_names)\n    direction = :asc unless direction.in?(%i[asc desc])\n    order(column =&gt; direction)\n  }\nend<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u30d0\u30c3\u30c1\u51e6\u7406\u306e\u6d3b\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\"># \u5927\u91cf\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u51e6\u7406\nPost.find_each(batch_size: 1000) do |post|\n  # \u51e6\u7406\nend<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9069\u5207\u306a\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u8a2d\u8a08<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\"># \u8907\u5408\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u4f5c\u6210\nclass AddOptimizedIndexesToPosts &lt; ActiveRecord::Migration[7.0]\n  def change\n    add_index :posts, [:status, :created_at, :title],\n              name: 'index_posts_on_status_created_at_title'\n  end\nend<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30c8\u30e9\u30d6\u30eb\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u624b\u6cd5\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3001\u9069\u5207\u306b\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001<code>order<\/code>\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3092\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u6c7a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Warning: Undefined array key &#8220;is_admin&#8221; in \/home\/xs392991\/dexall.co.jp\/public_html\/articles\/wp-content\/themes\/ &#8230; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1410","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ruby","7":"nothumb"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dexall.co.jp\/articles\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1410","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dexall.co.jp\/articles\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dexall.co.jp\/articles\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dexall.co.jp\/articles\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dexall.co.jp\/articles\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1410"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dexall.co.jp\/articles\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1410\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1411,"href":"https:\/\/dexall.co.jp\/articles\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1410\/revisions\/1411"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dexall.co.jp\/articles\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1410"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dexall.co.jp\/articles\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1410"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dexall.co.jp\/articles\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1410"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}